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An exploration of BioInformation Technology
Thursday, October 13, 2005
Chap 13/14 Notes BIO 461 (arrrrggggghhhhhh!!!!!)
Enzyme Kinetics
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Bio catalysts - this books describes as proteins and some RNA that catalyze bio reactions within the cell (so watch out- there may be a distinction btw enzymes and proteins - WF maybe doesn't consider them proteins)
Why so amazing? Can make chemically reactive substances and process that are not reactive outside cells by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.
Enzymes provide cells that ability to "exert kinetic control over thermoydynamic poteniality". Enzymes are used to accelerate or inhibit the rates of biochem reactions. So they control metabolism by the speed at which reactions occur in order to utilize thermodynamic potential.
Molecules are broken down (catabolism) and utilized for energy and to build many thousands of bio molecules (anabolism).
Regulatory enzymes - E. that interact at key junctions of metab. pathways - sensing and reacting to adjust rates as cells need. (Think of enz. in glycolysis).
Enzymes 3 Features:
Catlytic power - measure of abilty of E. to regulate process = Cat. rate / Uncat. rate.
Specificity - E. have high selectivity of both substrate, process and product. Molecular recognition and complementarity are key.
Regulation - controls of enzymes through amounts produced, inhibitors and activators.
6 Types of Enzymes:
Oxidoreductases - oxidation/reductions
Transferases - transfer functional groups
Hydrolases - hydrolysis reactions
Lyases - add to double bonds
Isomerases - isomerize cmpds
Ligases - form bonds by cleaving ATPs
Kinase - ATP-dependent phosphotransferase
Enzyme Kinetics
----------------
Bio catalysts - this books describes as proteins and some RNA that catalyze bio reactions within the cell (so watch out- there may be a distinction btw enzymes and proteins - WF maybe doesn't consider them proteins)
Why so amazing? Can make chemically reactive substances and process that are not reactive outside cells by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.
Enzymes provide cells that ability to "exert kinetic control over thermoydynamic poteniality". Enzymes are used to accelerate or inhibit the rates of biochem reactions. So they control metabolism by the speed at which reactions occur in order to utilize thermodynamic potential.
Molecules are broken down (catabolism) and utilized for energy and to build many thousands of bio molecules (anabolism).
Regulatory enzymes - E. that interact at key junctions of metab. pathways - sensing and reacting to adjust rates as cells need. (Think of enz. in glycolysis).
Enzymes 3 Features:
Catlytic power - measure of abilty of E. to regulate process = Cat. rate / Uncat. rate.
Specificity - E. have high selectivity of both substrate, process and product. Molecular recognition and complementarity are key.
Regulation - controls of enzymes through amounts produced, inhibitors and activators.
6 Types of Enzymes:
Oxidoreductases - oxidation/reductions
Transferases - transfer functional groups
Hydrolases - hydrolysis reactions
Lyases - add to double bonds
Isomerases - isomerize cmpds
Ligases - form bonds by cleaving ATPs
Kinase - ATP-dependent phosphotransferase
